Friday, February 24, 2012

Farm Management Software - Built Tough for AgricultureBetter

farming operations and increasing productivity levels depend upon better agribusiness decisions being made on a daily basis. As in all other industries, these decisions are being supported by specialist software which collates, processes and analyses important business information; providing business data when and where it is required to make fully informed decisions. Primary producers have recognised the importance of incorporating the latest in information technology in the farming environment; assisting owners, managers and workers to achieve gains in productivity, quality and profitability. Farm management software has enabled those charged with the responsibility of managing agricultural operations the necessary tools to drive the business forward.

Farm management software solves problems, expressed as a set of tasks, which aids in the act of improving the economic viability of the farming operation. Technology which is driving portable and mobile technology is enabling the information to be accessed at a time and place when it is needed most in the farming environment. Laptops, personal digital assistants (PDA's) and Smartphones are easily portable and can be taken with the farmer and used in the fields far away from the farmstead or office.

Agriculture and Civility - Expect More Civil Unrest Due to Rising Wheat Prices in the Middle East

It has been said that the stability of a nation is only a couple of meals away from chaos, yes, even in the most stable of countries, ours included. Okay so, let's talk about the Arab Spring, and the potential challenges of the heat of an Arab Summer. It's not just about freedom, or politics, indeed, it's also about food and economics, perhaps even more so. You see, it's easy to forgive a little when the supply chains are flowing with abundance, but when they stop, the sentiment can change in an instant.

You may not realize this but North African nations, specifically Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia import lots of wheat. In Tunisia and Algeria for instance they import about 465 to 480 pounds on average per person. Egypt is not far behind with about 410 pounds per person, and please consider the huge population there. Iraq also imports a lot of wheat about 290 lbs. per person per year, and prices keep skyrocketing and $8 a bushel may not be the upper limit.

Antlers As A Source of Deer Farming Revenue

The antlers of a deer are a wonderful byproduct generated on a deer farming venture. Since the dawn of time deer have been hunted for both the venison, and the many uses of the antlers, which have been found to be useful in a wide variety of ways.

Each spring, the male deer, called stags, buck or bulls (depending on the species) will grow*a set of antlers. During the growth phase they are soft and filled with blood vessels. The antler is covered with velvet to protect the growing antler from damage. When they are fully grown, the blood vessels constrict and die off. The antler hardens and dies, and the velvet is rubbed off by the male. This stage is usually reached at the beginning of the rut. The antlers are then dropped in the early winter, after the rut. By dropping them, the males can conserve energy during the cold winter months. Each year the antlers will grow a little larger than in the previous year.

Fruit Yields From Rabbiteye and Highbush Blueberry Plants

Introduction

Growing blueberries is a long-term endeavor. It takes 7 to 10 years for blueberry plants to reach full maturity. With good care blueberry plants will likely remain productive for 30 to 40 years. Blueberry plants fruit produce plenty of blueberries that are enjoyable when eaten fresh or used in pancakes, muffins, pies, or when used on breakfast cereals. Blueberry plants also add beauty to the landscape. They can be grown in beds, rows or as a hedge along the property border. Blueberries can be used in group plantings, or as single plants. Blueberries make an ideal year-round source of beauty to the landscape. Growing blueberries presents a challenge because the plants require acid soils that are well-drained, loose and high in organic matter. Blueberry plants can provide a good "organic" approach of gardening, because pesticides are not often required.

Rabbiteye plants yields

1. In well-managed irrigated plantings a rabbiteye bush can be harvested during the 2nd year after planting in the field.

2. A mature, healthy rabbiteye bush should produce about 20 lbs of blueberry fruit per plant each year or 20 to 25 pints. Rabbiteye varieties can occasionally produce up to 25 lbs per plant. Approximate rabbiteye yields in pounds per acre for years 2 through 6 can be:

Common Blueberry Planting and Growing Mistakes to Avoid

Introduction

Blueberries are easy to grow if you understand and follow the requirements needed for blueberry plant growth. This article reviews the general requirements and most common mistakes involved in blueberry planting and growing.

General

    * To thrive the roots of the blueberry plant must not be too shallow or too deep.

    * Having the correct pH of the soil is critical for blueberry plants to grow and flourish. Blueberries need a soil that is acidic having a pH between 4.5and 5.0. A pH of higher than 5.0 is too high! If you cannot adjust the soil to this pH level grow your blueberries in containers.

    * The soil needs to be firmly packed in the region of the plant roots when planted.

    * Do not plant close to plants of unknown origin or wild plants.

    * Sufficient moisture levels must be maintained during plant establishment. Water the plants well 1 to 3 times a week but not every day.

    * Put off fertilizing until the plants are established. Avoid fertilizer burn.

    * You are advised not to cut the roots of the plant when you plant them. When taken from a pot in which they are grown do separate the roots before planting to help them spread out.

Friesian Cows - The Backbone of the New Zealand Dairy Industry

Friesian cattle, often referred to as Holstein or Holstein-Friesian, are the most common cow found on New Zealand dairy farms; renowned for their superior productive capacities. Their origins are linked to North Holland where they were the regional cattle dating back over 2000 years ago. The breed was developed and bred with the aim of increasing the output that the cattle produced, maximising the benefit of an abundant supply of grass. As time has passed, Friesian cows have developed their characteristic black and white appearance due to the artificial selection of breeders; a sign that is associated with high production dairy cows throughout the world.

Friesian cattle are distinctive in their appearance, being a large animal with distinguishing black and white colourations over the entire body; others white with red patches. Calves generally weigh between 40 and 45 kg at birth; although much larger have been recorded. On average, a fully grown Friesian cow will stand approximately 1.48 metres tall and weigh in the vicinity of 550 to 600 kilograms.

Incorporating Tourism As A Revenue Stream For Your Deer Farming Enterprise

A resource that is often overlooked in deer farming is the value of having tourists come to your deer farm. Each time a visitor comes to your farm, you are building a relationship of trust with the community, encouraging them to buy your products, and to use your services. And at the same time, you are provided with new opportunities to market your products.

To many city folk, the call of the wild is irresistible, but most wish for comfort, even while coming out to visit nature. Let us look at the ways in which your deer farm can benefit from tourism.

The largest group that will generate income for your farm are the hunters. They are only allowed to come to hunt for a very limited time, and if you plan your amenities carefully, you will be able to bring in visitors throughout the year.

• School groups: Field trips and educational tours are undertaken by schools in your district on a regular basis. By marketing theses opportunities to schools you can offer guided tours of your farm to schools.

• Visiting tour groups / individuals: Just as with school groups, people often enjoy having the opportunity to leave the bustle of everyday life to take time out in nature. By offering a picnic spot where deer can be watched from a distance you will be raising an awareness of what you offer and that you have a valuable product to market.

Deer Farming Byproducts

Together with deer farming come a great number of marketing opportunities to explore. Selling venison and bringing in hunters is just the beginning of the products that can be marketed. By exploring various venues, we can find many additional avenues where we can bring in additional income.

The most visible products to market in deer farming are of course the venison and the hunting.

Venison: When marketing venison, it is important to use the benefits of venison in the marketing strategy. Venison is a much healthier alternative to red meat. It is natural and organic. It has much less fat as well. The meat is easy to prepare, and can be frozen, vacuum packed, without losing quality or texture for up to one year. Deer meat can also be processed further, and sold as beef jerky, or marinated meat cuts.

Hunting: Individuals and groups can come to your deer farm to hunt. This provides ample income opportunities: Accommodation can be supplied, a guide can be hired for the expedition, the carcasses can be processed. This all along with the standard hunting fee per deer to be hunted.

The Deer Farming Problem Of How To Supply The Market With Venison

Deer farming in many countries supplies the communities with an ever-growing proportion of the consumed red meat. Venison is a healthy alternative to beef, and is a natural product. As the market for natural and organic food is growing, so the potential for deer as a source of meat protein is growing with it. There are however strict regulations governing the slaughter of any meat for human consumption. Slaughtering deer is also not exempt from these regulations. Unfortunately the one large problem facing deer farmers is the question of where and how to slaughter the deer. Because each state has its own legal requirements it is necessary to study these requirements and to fulfill them perfectly, if you wish to be successful in your enterprise.

A large problem for deer farmers currently is a lack of nearby slaughterhouses registered to undertake deer slaughter. The distance to the slaughterhouse is also a problem, as evisceration of the carcass needs to be undertaken as soon as possible after slaughter.

There are commonly three options to look at for slaughtering the deer.

1. You could take the live deer to a registered abattoir. For this you would have to find out how far it is to your nearest abattoir, and if the costs of transporting the deer there would be worth the effort and money.

Layout Solutions for Deer Farming Ventures

When you begin planning your deer farming venture, it is essential to consider the land you have available, as well as the deer you consider breeding here, to come up with a land layout that is optimum for both your and the deer's requirements.

Any water sources, natural hills and rocky outcrops and ravines need to be considered, both for safety, as well as for easing the handling of the deer.

It is generally most practical to situate the holding pens, handling pens and catchment passage in the center of the deer farm, with the enclosures surrounding this area. The size and shape of the enclosures is not as important to the deer's well-being, as is the ease of handling them from there, and the number of deer in each enclosure.

Consider the following factors when laying out your deer farm:

Ensure that each area of each enclosure is easily accessible by vehicle and by foot. This will be necessary for when you need to repair fences, see to water supplies, apply treatment and medication and for herding the deer.

Although long narrow enclosures are handy in easy deer handling, smaller camps can only hold one herd, with one breeding male. Paddocks should never be less than 1,5 ha, even for just one herd, as fighting deer need space to escape. This also allows the male to mate with the whole herd's females.

Agriculture and Civility - Expect More Civil Unrest Due to Rising Wheat Prices in the Middle East

It has been said that the stability of a nation is only a couple of meals away from chaos, yes, even in the most stable of countries, ours included. Okay so, let's talk about the Arab Spring, and the potential challenges of the heat of an Arab Summer. It's not just about freedom, or politics, indeed, it's also about food and economics, perhaps even more so. You see, it's easy to forgive a little when the supply chains are flowing with abundance, but when they stop, the sentiment can change in an instant.

You may not realize this but North African nations, specifically Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia import lots of wheat. In Tunisia and Algeria for instance they import about 465 to 480 pounds on average per person. Egypt is not far behind with about 410 pounds per person, and please consider the huge population there. Iraq also imports a lot of wheat about 290 lbs. per person per year, and prices keep skyrocketing and $8 a bushel may not be the upper limit.

Agriculture - The Future Investment to Ensure Global Food Grain Security

Rising global food prices

The top issues faced by the world are rising food prices, trades in renewable sources and global carbon emission. The global middle class will become three times bigger in the next 20 years and with the new changes in food habits the pressure on food production will also increase. One solution to improve food production is to make use of underproductive lands and restore it for food production.

Effect of climate change on food production

The researchers at International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington believe climate change has been effecting food productions in many nations and this is directly affecting the global economy where the effect of one event can be directly felt on all other nations. With the change in economy and food production, food supplies do not prove to be sufficient to meet the growing demands. Some of the largest global economies are concerned by food security which includes China and EU. The current threat of food inflation is causing serious concerns to both developing and developed nations, which caused restrained consumption of grains and higher prices of grain stocks.

Modern Farm Equipment Simplifies the Job of Farming and Improves Your Success

Farming has been in your family for generations, and you run your farm with the same diligence and integrity your father and his father did before you. However, you have an advantage that they did not. You have the benefit of modern farming equipment on your side. Many of the options you have for agricultural success have only come into existence or been perfected in the recent past, like improved and more efficient tractors and balers, temperature-controlled poultry egg hatchers, and fertilizer injectors. All of these farming supplies and contemporary pieces of machinery lead to improved results from your crops each year and in healthier, stronger livestock as well.

Fertilizer injectors allow you to irrigate your fields, mixing fertilizer in when desired. The Mazzei 584 Fertilizer Injector is a T-shaped apparatus. The water, carrying fertilizer, is pushed through the horizontal pipes, and, because of constriction, the fertilizer is sucked through the vertical pipe into the ground. Using this system, you can ensure that fertilizer is being received evenly throughout the field, and as a result, you will see more consistently healthy crops in all parts of the field. This translates into a greater revenue stream for you, and a more successful farm overall. This system can be used for watering your crops as well as fertilizing it. Some injectors, like the Dosmatic 30-2.3% Fertilizer Injector can also be used to spread pesticides, wash your car or farm equipment, or administer medications to your livestock.

The old fashioned poultry coop has also had a face lift. Now made from treated lumber or plastics, they are much more weather resistant than they used to be. The Premium Plus Chick-N-House is a shingled house of treated lumber, with removable floor and removable trays for ease of cleaning and use. The roof opens, giving you easy access to your chickens and their eggs. It is attractively and efficiently made, and treated to last a very long time. If you need to transport your poultry, the Plastic Pheasant or Poultry Coop features doors in the top and in the side, making it easy to extract a bird. The crates are stackable, and the plastic is easy to clean after each use.

Improve your hatch rate for your chickens with a poultry egg hatcher. Using digital temperature controls, and often circulating air, these machines keep your eggs at a constant temperature, ensuring your eggs will hatch at a higher success rate and will produce healthier, stronger chicks. There are models that hold over 200 chicken eggs, which are ideal for farmers dedicated to growing chickens. There are also models, like the Lyon TX6 Egg Incubator, which are really ideal for smaller farmers, hobbyists, or classrooms. This incubator in particular has a transparent dome, making it easy to see the eggs and watch their progress.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/5155950

Agricultural Equipment Leasing Drives Modern Farm Economics

Agriculture is an ancient part of society and industry. People have been farming land and grazing livestock for centuries as a way of life and to feed themselves. There are two main parts of agriculture, which are subsistence farming and farming to make a profit. Subsistence farming is based on self-sufficiency where a farmer's sole focus is producing enough food to feed their families. This form of agriculture is more common in poorer and third-world countries. Farming for a profit is very common in western and more developed countries and depending on the scale, can be a very profitable business.

For the average family involved in agriculture they are often no wealthier than the rest of us. Agriculture for them is a way of life and their family might have done it for generations. Often, as with all business and asset values, an agricultural business can go through very high periods of economic growth and then into low periods of stagnation. To allow farmers and businessmen to go with the flow of market cycles and economic upturns and downturns, leasing of equipment used in their agricultural sector is very important. This is where equipment needed for a particular purpose for a particular time is not actually purchased but leased or borrowed only for a certain period of time.

Examples of equipment leased are: For the growing of crops - tractors, harvesters, hay balers, any type of ploughing or seed planting machines. When it comes to other farms or even cattle stations, graders, loaders, other heavy machines, cattle trucks, complete road trains, small tractors and cars are often leased. These machines might be used for a particular time and then returned. By doing this you only have a machine or implement in your possession when you actually need it. This is a very common practice in this industry and has many advantages.

Reasons for leasing equipment is that it is only needed for a short period of time and the down time when you aren't using it is not costing you money in interest and other expenses and also there are tax advantages in some countries. However probably the most helpful part of being able to lease agricultural equipment is the cost saving of a capital investment. Many people and business simply can't afford the cost of a capital investment in a large machine such as a powerful John Deere tractor or an expensive harvester but they need them for a particular time of the year.

The most difficult thing about farming and agriculture is that your actions are always subject to the climate and the weather. This applies to all areas of agriculture, when to plant or harvest a crop or when to buy or sell livestock is always dependent on the weather conditions. This can be very difficult is some of the more extreme climates around the world. Leasing agricultural equipment makes it just that little bit easier for an agricultural business or company to survive. Often it is a dominant factor determining the sustainability of an agricultural enterprise.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/5595894

Benefits Of Using Tractors In Modern Farming And Agriculture

A tractor is a farming vehicle traditionally used to mechanise agricultural tasks such as tillage. However, the tractor has come a long way since its humble beginning as a steam engine on wheels during the early 19th century. Today, tractors are used for ploughing, tilling and planting fields. Modern tractors can be used for a variety of tasks including routine lawn care, landscape maintenance, moving or spreading fertiliser and clearing bushes.

Whether you own a small farm or would simply like to work on your lawn and garden, you will find that using a tractor will make these chores easier for you. In this article, we discuss the top advantages of using tractors to mechanise your farming, gardening or even excavating tasks.

Wide Range

There is a wide range of tractors available today, each suitable for a specific task. If you need to work on a large garden or an extensive area of field or pasture, a subcompact or compact tractor will fit heavy duty landscaping jobs and tasks like digging, hauling or ploughing. A subcompact tractor is a smaller version of a compact tractor. It has the power and versatility to perform a large range of gardening tasks including mowing, moving mulch and tilling gardens. A compact tractor is a smaller version of the utility tractor and is ideal for landscaping tasks. Subcompact and compact tractors have a horsepower that ranges from 15hp to 40hp.

If you have a small farm and need to mechanise more complex farming tasks, then you will need a utility tractor. Utility tractors come in different models and offer a horsepower that ranges from 45hp to 110hp. Utility tractors are also known as diesel tractors because diesel is typically used to fuel these large tractors. There is also a wide range of farming implements that can be attached to utility tractors to help you accomplish a variety of tough jobs on the farm.

Versatility

Tractors are now designed and manufactured to be versatile so that a single tractor can perform a wide range of tasks. For instance, a compact tractor can accomplish tasks that range from gardening to simple farming jobs. You can also attach implements to a compact tractor such as front loaders or back hoes to perform an even wider range of jobs.

Power and durability

Tractors are also typically designed to run over rough terrain and pull extremely heavy loads. The engine generates a large amount of force to get the tractor to run and perform its tasks, making it effective in tough farming or landscape tasks. Modern tractors also come with cast iron front axles for extra strength and durability, so you can rely on your tractor to perform under tough conditions.

Ease of transmission and operation

You might find a manual transmission on a tractor difficult to use, but features of modern tractors such as powershift transmission and hydrostatic transmission make operation much easier. Powershift transmission facilitates smooth shifting through 8 gears in low range and 8 gears in high range while hydrostatic transmission allows for effortless changes in direction. Modern tractors also provide power steering to make turning much easier. Some more advanced models are also able to reduce operator fatigue with exclusive shift controls and an automatically responsive transmission.

Ease of installing gardening and farming implements

A variety of gardening and farming implements including a front end loader attachment or a back hoe can be installed on to a tractor, so that it can perform a wider range of tasks. A tractor may have three-point hitches and a power take-off or PTO. A three-point hitch attaches an implement, secures it in place and also lifts and lowers the implement. The PTO is a shaft that goes from the tractor to the implement and transfers the tractor's engine power to it. Gardening and farming implements are considered heavy equipment so make sure you have the appropriate knowledge and training before you install and use it.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6848091

First Steps to Becoming a Successful Garden Design Career

One of the first things that many potential garden design students will ask themselves is what's the potential for a career in garden design? It's an important question to ask because, like with any new career, you need to be absolutely sure that you're heading in the right direction. But whilst you may get the support of your family and friends when you start a garden design course by the time you've graduated they might be so used to your new direction that you're faced with a lot of choices on your own. So what are these garden design career choices?

First and foremost the majority of students aim to be setting up their own businesses if not straightaway then within a year or two of graduating. For many this can be a daunting task but a good design course will already be setting you up with both the tools and the contacts to hit the ground running. If you're setting up your business as soon as you graduate then look around to see if there are any people who might help mentor you. The Society of Garden Designers runs a mentoring service for student members so this might help but you might find that you have a person within your social network with great business skills. They may not be involved in gardens but it's the objective business expertise you're looking for and someone outside of the industry might give you a new angle to market yourself.

A real bonus is to get a work placement with an established designer. Sometimes this might be possible through your garden design course but remember that most design companies are small businesses and taking on a work placement designer is a big deal for them. You need to offer something that compliments their busy day-to-day schedule. Offering a one day a week helping hand is more trouble than its worth. A two-week stint helping them out in a busy period will be much more useful as they can put you on to one project and whether is drawing up a design or setting out plants on site you'll get a nugget of first hand practical information that will reveal some great ways to do business.

What you can offer an established designer is of primary importance when applying for a job. And despite being a profession of small businesses there are jobs to be had. Larger design firms often have a regular turnover of newly qualified staff and landscape companies are increasingly looking to add a design function to their services.

Top of the list for skills these days is an ability to produce great 3D models with SketchUp and back this up with a good knowledge of Vectorworks Landmark. So you should start thinking about embracing and using those skills as soon as you get them on your design course. If you are still to decide on a course check that the studio tutorials will include CAD specialists both as lecturers and in your studio time so that you develop skills quickly. Depending where you are and your role you could be paid anything from £9 to £25 an hour so you need to think if the experience on lower pay is worth it. With a great designer with real skills to pass on then it just might be. But don't ever work for nothing, you'll have no enthusiasm on a dark winter morning to go to work and that's not going to get you a great reference.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6844543

Calcium Deficiency in California Organic Agriculture

Calcium is one of the most important plant nutrients. It is essential for building a strong cell membrane structure, and plays important roles in Nitrogen metabolism, protein formation and Potassium uptake. Calcium deficiencies are typically noted in the growth zones such as new top and root growth, and at the bottom end of fruits. Blossom End Rot (BER) in peppers and tomatoes is an excellent example of how weakened cell membranes reduce fruit quality and economic performance.

While the information is there, it is surprising how uninformed we are about Calcium nutrition. Although we have a practical understanding of its role as a soil amendment, eliminating Calcium deficiency in California agriculture can be challenging. Supplying the crop's need for Calcium is not as simple as calculating the soil's lime requirements. Nutrient availability is dependent upon many factors beyond total supply such as pH, C.E.C., cation saturation on the CEC, water availability and quality to name a few.

There are two factors that may influence Calcium.

1. Ca/Mg ratio: Calcium availability may be limited by excess Magnesium. Calcium is located directly under Magnesium in the periodic table of elements describing "similar" electro-chemical characteristics, which play a part in the cation exchange dynamics occurring at the interchange sites in the root zone. I personally believe that there is no magical number for Ca/Mg ratio, but that the grower should pay attention to the crop's performance and consider the total amount of Mg as a possible source of interference with Ca uptake. In this approach the laboratory-calculated fertilizer recommendations assume an advisory role, secondary the grower's experience in reading his crop's response.

2. Calcium is generally immobile once inside the plant. It moves up from the roots through the Xylem in the column of transpiration water moving up to the leaves, while very little moves down through the phloem. Because of this almost unidirectional flow, a steady supply of available Calcium is required to support cell integrity in new plant growth areas, such as shoots, roots and fruits.

Calcium Carbonate is an excellent choice material for supplying calcium for its relative low cost, chemical purity and the low energy required to disassociate it from its carbonate counterpart. The redox reaction occurs in the presence of the weak carboxylic acids exuded by the roots and micro organisms present in the soils. Reducing the particle size increases the surface area available to be oxidized, increasing the Calcium available for plant use.

Contrary to the lab-analysis calculated approach to nutrition, a small amount of micronized Calcium Carbonate can be much more effective in eliminating Calcium deficiency by balancing counter salts than large amounts of coarse grade liming material. The smaller particles can reach the roots by moving with the water mass flow through soil pores, creating a buffer zone around the roots that effectively balances out risk elements, such as Sodium, Aluminum and excess Magnesium. This explains why it economically makes sense to use a smaller amount of a high grade Calcium fertilizer than applying large volumes of lime that cannot reach the root zone until it is eroded by the environment.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6828768

How vertical farms illustrate the emerging post-scarcity societal architecture

A very optimistic story emerges when one looks at statistics concerning material activity of historically influential countries in the world today.

COUNTRY_________AGRICULTURE______INDUSTRY__________SERVICES
__________________(GDP %)(Occupation%)____(GDP %) (OCP%)_____(GDP %) (OCP%)
United States_______1.1%____0.7%_________22.1%__20.3%_________76.8 %_79.1%
China_____________10.2%___38.1%________46.9%__27.8%__________43%__34.1%
Germany___________2.4%____0.9%_________29.7%__27.8%_________67.8%_73.1%
UK_______________0.7%___1.4%_________21.8%__18.2%_________77.5%_80.4%
Japan_____________1.4%____3.9%_________24.9%__26.2%_________73.8%__69.8%
Russia____________4%______10%__________36.8%__31.9%_________59.1%_58.1%

As can be seen, vast majority of humanity are being gradually liberated from heavy toil and will be allowed to dedicate their lives to self-actualization. Dramatic rise in individuals dedicated solely to self improvement will regionalize, nationalize, and then globalize the same atmosphere of creativity, other centered activism, and solidarity that only existed on elite college campuses in the past. Currently, middle and even some lower class youths throughout the world are approaching the same level of psychic development as existed among their brethren in Ivy League schools in the 1960s. This time around they have superior numbers within their age group and the silent minority will either have to zip it or secede.

In 20th century, there used to be a 1-2 generation developmental lag between the various classes but the speed with which this lag is closing is accelerating. For example, we can see how people partying it up in places like Bushwick are rather similar to children of the rich in the 1920s when it comes to mannerisms, diversity of tastes, sexual exploration, and relationship patterns. There is even emulation of the hideous decadent art that results from disenchantment with hedonism, lack of societal vision from above, and inability to deal with nihilism (just visit most galleries in NYC you'll see). The rate at which musical and party trends from underground venues in trend setting cities find their way to small cities around the world is rapidly becoming exponential.

The Internet allows the type of autodidactic learning that the leisurely aristocrats of old could only dream about. Since the brain can only develop so much, we'll increasingly see individuals from below the social hierarchy catch up and even overshoot those on top. Dramatically increased resource sharing will then have to be made to preserve social stability. New institutional frameworks (to streamline the budding noocracy) will emerge. Rising mass popularity of events like TED conferences are a hint of things to come. Conversely, if you're a pessimist watch this (UK and US will show other key nations what mistakes to avoid in the transition).

Agricultural Sector

Efficiency of American agricultural sector is incredible considering how much is left over for the export market. Once the biggest companies within this sector are taken over and properly managed by the public, they'll be able to provide oceans of high quality organic food at virtually zero cost while continuing to need less and less workers to operate. One need not even mention the reform of currently homicidal subsidies to not grow. Eventually, after sufficient automation, the global farmer population will dip to less than 1% of 7-9 billion humans (not counting amateurish micro-industry hobby farmers).
Current popular trend of grass roots farm redecentralization and localism is the product of the economic crisis and decades of inefficiency within suburban living (that requires very long energy expensive transport and chemical saturation to mummify/preserve the food). Such decentralization can be accomplished from the top down with competent management. For instance, central regional or national governments can tackle such classic corporate villains like Monsanto and Dole Food Company by:

1) Having their various headquarters raided simultaneously and all their physical and financial assets frozen
2) All their employees kept in place, wages increased, cooperative profit/product sharing introduced, and flatter directly democratic worker management introduced (to maintain technical talent)
3) Splitting key hyperindustrialized mega farms into however many parts are desired, mass constructing new smaller farms near or within the cities, and putting the smaller farms under local city, county, or state management (see below)

Rather than most people fleeing the cities to escape oppression and becoming farmers (ex: Rome well into its decline), we'll eventually see large entities taking advantage of economies of scale and rapidly mass constructing vertical farms to localize food deep inside the urban zones. Skyscraper farms will be a service and a fixture under local popular control the way police stations and libraries are. One must remember that current agricultural tech is so advanced that it allows us to easily feed a population of 50 billion humans. In effect, food is and will be recognized as a "too cheap to meter" utility and its delivery will be akin to the post office.

Industrial Sector

Similarly, heavy industry leaders like Germany and Japan continue to export highest quality infrastructural components while their actual sectors "shrink". In reality of course (as agri monopolists show) a sector can and does expand greatly while requiring less operators (brief hiring boosts from inventions like cotton gin notwithstanding). A good illustration is North Korea whose industrial sector is vast majority of its economy, is even higher than China, yet is laughable in its production. Meanwhile leaders like Tokyo and Berlin are increasingly paying attention to robotic development. Success will be measured in ability of making bigger and bigger objects while requiring less primate caloric expenditures. For instance, if it used to take say, 10,000 primates to make 1 jumbo jet airplane, in the future 5,000 primates should be able to construct a super jumbo spaceship. Once again, the public must provide the guidance to this process.

We can now see that agricultural sector is about to be reclassified since its destiny is to be fully integrated into the industrial sector. The fascistic corporate kleptocracy that English speakers live under has given a bad name to industrialized farming the way North Korea gives bad name to socialism. One just has to compare the quality of product that highly mechanized Swedish farms make to food in a local Wall Mart. As mentioned above, high tech factories churning out hyper clean and organic food product within efficient 3 dimensional space is something to be embraced. No need to rdvert to subsistence peasant digging in the dirt to get quality food in the 21st century (I can't believe I actually had to type that sentence).

Now is a good time to clarify a prior article titled Post-industrial Society=Beyond Idiocy. The point of the article was not to deny that we're headed towards a civilization where less people are involved in industrial production. The point was to counter the current pathetic Western neo-Luddite anti industrial outlook that is emerging. As mentioned above, as majority of the young intelligentsia today are becoming similar (in psychology and ability) to the leaders of 1960s social movements, they are partially re-embracing the hatred of "large scary dirty factories". As they are about to re-discover Marxism (by some other name, possibly within the Zeitgeist movement framework or its spin offs), there is a danger of further slow down in heavy industry development and even rougher transition within Western space. One just has to look at how these people killed the nuclear industry in North America. In a decent society, political leaders calling for infrastructural stagnation would be impeached.

Instead of thinking "hey lets replace 100 dirty factories making 100,000 tractors with 5 mega high tech fission reactor powered modular factories mass producing 500,000 super large terraforming electrical tractors that are recharged by an underground 21st century standard power line hooked into fission/fusion reactor grid" they are thinking "lets replace 100 dirty factories with our homemade bike production facility and lets ride around on a solar powered bike and grow our own food and make our own clothing, look we're insane". Industrial progress = mass production = taking say, a half a million dollar car, inviting NASA to make it crash proof, making it electric, and then stamping it out on automated assembly lines in such numbers as to lower the price to 10 grand.

We can't allow this type of neo-luddite outlook to infect our politics for a second time since the result would be a sustainable high tech reservation existing in a supposed "equilibrium with nature" (whatever that means). The ultra rich would love a bunch of dorm style facebook cities where the youthful citizens exert their newly released creative energies to make/trade art and toys for the rich to amuse themselves with (as they gently direct, spy on everybody, and continue to live as before laughing it up in safety as the Swedish oligarchy does currently). Lets leave the practice of artificially created scarcity in the 20th century.

We're familiar with a phrase "don't put this or that on a pedestal". This must especially apply to nature. The so called "resource scarcity" and "energy shortages" are completely dependent on the level of technology within heavy industry. Primitive people 2,000 years ago also had fears of overpopulation and resource shortages. With sufficiently advanced technology and energy sources, we can literally create new nature where it hasn't existed before (Sahara desert turned into a rainforest) and colonize it with biodiversity. Minerals from deeper in the earth can be brought via powerful laser drilling, ocean floor can be tapped, asteroids brought into orbit and mined, etc. Yes it'd be big "scary" heavy machines but just as with farming, they can be hyper clean and not only compatible with a more humane civilization but essential to bring it about.

Conclusion

Vertical farms are a symbol of this emerging dynamic since they create a synergistic unity between city and country and various labor types. It appears that the future will not only have fusion of agriculture, industry, and services on a macro level but that this process would allow individuals resources ("art supplies") to become their own individualized micro producers. More on that later.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Pavel_Podolyak

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6875862

Mushroom Equipment For the Highest Quality Results

Mushrooms require great attention and care, as they are quite delicate, fragile and of high value. Growing and cultivation of wild exotic or edible gourmet mushrooms need proper growing tools and equipment in order to attain a healthy and abundant harvest. The growing tdchnique is every bit as important as the equipment used.

One of the most important processes for growing mushrooms is the hydration process. This requires a comprehensive system and makes use of several pieces of equipment. An infeed belt transports the mushrooms from a buffer reservoir to the hydration section. Once the hydration process is complete, they are transferred to the next processing station. This is a completely automatic process, and parameters such as vacuum level, aeration times and hydration times can be independently set. This guarantees constant and equal treatment of the mushrooms. It also minimizes product damage. Equipment used in the hydration process include a vacuum pump, mixing tank and a vacuum lowering system.

There are other pieces of equipment and processing machines that are used for a variety of uses. Washing devices ensure that dirt and peat are gently washed from the mushrooms without damaging them; mushroom slicers for preparation and packaging to the consumer; suction dry systems, and various types of equipment to clean crates and packaging.

There are different processes and equipment for use on mushrooms, depending on whether they are going to be packaged fresh or frozen. Regardless, each method requires an ingenious arrangement of the machines on the processing line to create an optimal outcome; with full or partial automation, a high level of efficiency is achieved in regards of both quantity and quality.

The suction dryer is an important piece of equipment because it helps to remove moisture, thus increasing the shelf life. This process is used for all vegetables, fruits and salads. The suction dryer is a compact and cheaper alternative to the centrifuge, while producing the exact same results. The dryer is a PVC mesh wire belt. Suction openings are mounted under the belt, which extracts moisture from the mushrooms (or other vegetables.) The dryer can be used on its own, or in conjunction with the washing systems.

Once the mushrooms have been sorted, cleaned and dried, they must be packaged for delivery to the consumer. There are different drums and vacuum sealers that will achieve the desired results and, again, can be used for other vegetables as well. The machines will count and fill each box, bag or container exactly to the specifications that are identified, and can be customized for any size.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6864764

Aeroponics in Outer Space

Aeroponics provides a clean, efficient, and rapid method of food production. Crops can be planted without soil and harvested year-round. In aeroponics, plants roots are suspended in air, periodically sprayed with a nutrient rich water based solution and then allowed to drain. By alternating wet and dry cycles, the roots are kept moist but also exposed to an abundant supply of oxygen leading to much faster growth than traditional gardening methods. Aeroponics systems reduce water and fertilizer usage by over 90% and by avoiding exposure to soil-born diseases eliminate pesticide usage altogether.

These benefits, along with the great reduction in weight that is achieved by eliminating dirt and significantly reducing the amount of water required for plant growth, are reasons this high-tech method of food production has attracted the interest and support of NASA. On of the hurdles to be cleared for long distance space travel and even colonies on the Moon or nearby planets is finding a means for crews to manage self- sustaining supplies of food and oxygen.

Through aeroponics, this goal becomes a realistic possibility and humans and plants can become best friends in deep space. Humans consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Plants return the favor by consuming carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Humans can use edible parts of plants for nourishment, while human waste and inedible plant matter can be converted into the nutrient solution used in aeroponics for plant growth. The plants consume the nutrients and return clean water to the system. So aeroponics is a potential source of food, fresh oxygen, clean drinking water and together with humans can create a closed and self-sustaining ecological system.

While aeroponics has not yet been used in long distance space travel, like many other aspects of NASA's technological research, spin-off designs are now being used in commercial agricultural applications for food production. This technology is used to relieve hunger in parts of the world with limited access to arable land and to enable city dwellers to grow their own supply of fresh fruits and vegetables. Aeroponics has also led to advances in cloning of plants from cuttings. Numerous plants which were previously considered difficult, or impossible, to propagate from cuttings can now be replicated simply from a single stem. This is a boon to green houses attempting to propagate their best specimens. With a basic aeroponics setup, any interested individual can now clone plants. Finally, crops can also be grown in half the time required by traditional agricultural methods and require far less labor to harvest.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6889912